Slavery in the Caribbean Essay -- Caribbean History

Slavery in the Caribbean The beginning of slavery in the Caribbean can be traced back to the emergence of piracy in the 16th and 17th centuries. This eventually led to the promotion of slave trading and sugar plantations. While enslaved on the sugar plantations, slaves were treated very poorly. Plantation owners treated their slaves so poorly that most were undernourished and diseased. Slaves were even forced to work on their "spare" time to provide for their own needs. Needless to say, slaves encountered cruel punishment that we can’t even comprehend. The slaves however, continually resisted white supremacy causing much tension between the two social classes. Despite this, a new social class was emerging, the free coloureds. This confused matters even worse and made for a bigger separation between white and slave. Eventually however, emancipation of slavery finally occurred in 1834. The first display of piracy was by John Hawkins who made a 60% profit on the first slaves he sold. This eventually led to the promotion of slave trading and sugar plantations. By the 17th century, over 50% of slaves coming into the New World were being led to the Caribbean. This led to the emergence of the sugar plantations, which drastically changed the lives of everyone in the Caribbean. A slave society certainly emerged, as there was always a need for more slaves. The slave turnover ratio was tremendous as many died because of disease etc†¦ It became somewhat ridiculous because sugar production required many more slaves and not much more of a profit than cotton plantations. Slaves were treated quite harshly and in an unfair manner and therefore the whole plantation system was degrading. There are many horrors that occurred on the plant... ...here there was going to be a slave insurrection. The emancipation of the slaves in the 19th century changed their title, yet they were still undermined. Emancipation started in 1834 when Britain started to "legally abolish slavery" (Knight, 167). In 1886, Cuba had freed its slaves and finally the whole slave society in the Caribbean had been abolished. However, once these new societies emerged, social tensions still existed among the settlers and colonists. Nonetheless, slave systems were emancipated for political and economical reasons. Economically, sugar plantations were declining in production and the rum became scarcer. Politically, hopes and pride began to grow in the Caribbean thus leading to a natural separation with their mother countries. However, the disintegration of the slave trade occurred inevitably and certainly was not caused by slave uprisings.

Crisis Management

Crises Management in Public Schools Review of Crisis in Public Schools throughout the United States Throughout the United States students in public schools have experienced many crises. Students have witnessed or experienced many different types of crisis which can include: violence, death, accidents, family issues, natural disasters and terrorism. Statistics from the National Center for Educational Statistics (2008) show that in the 2003-04 school year there were 19 homicides and 3 suicides that occurred at school. Outside of school in the 2003-04 school year there were 1,437 homicides and 1,285 suicides of youth ages 5 to 18. According to the Fatality Analysis Reporting System Encyclopedia (2008) in the year 2007, there were 2,022 children ages 0-15 and 5,338 teens ages 16-20 who died in fatal car accident. Other crises include disasters. Since 2003 there have been 4 hurricanes (hurricanes Isabel, Ivan, Katrina, and Ophelia) in the United States. Hurricane Katrina displaced over 372,000 school-aged children (Dickenson, 2008). In the September 11 attack, there were 3,051 children who lost a parent (New York Media, 2008). Earthquakes, thunderstorms, and tornadoes also have caused major fatalities and displacements. Public Schools in the United States â€Å"need to be ready to handle crisis, large and small, to keep children and staff out of harm’s way†. There must be a â€Å"Crisis Intervention or Management Plan†, in case any of these crises occur in the school. Unfortunately, not all do. School Psychologists play a significant role of the crisis management team and should review the plan and know their part in crisis management for schools during and after the crises occurs. Crisis Management, as defined by The Model School Crisis Management Plan (1999), is â€Å"that part of a school division’s approach to school safety which focuses more narrowly on a time-limited, problem-focused intervention to identify, confront and resolve the crisis, restore equilibrium, and support appropriate adaptive responses†. This paper will address the following: recent research on what school crisis management plans should include, definition and signs of posttraumatic stress disorder, and resources to guide school psychologists in playing an important role in risis management. Resent research on crisis management plans The Center for Mental Health in Schools at UCLA (2008) created a 161 page crisis prevention and response plan for schools to use as a resource. In it they define the major facets of crisis response as being: 1. communication, 2. direction and coordination, and 3. health and safety. These major facets should be implemented during the emergency, immediate aftermath, days/weeks following, and in prevention. The Psychological First Aid approach which was developed by the National Center for PTSD to help children, adolescents, adults, and families in the immediate aftermath of disaster and terrorism should also be included in the crisis management plan. It is â€Å"designed to reduce the initial distress caused by traumatic events and to foster short-and long-term adaptive functioning and coping† (NCTSN, 2006). The Psychological First Aid for school aged children should be implemented immediately after the trauma and includes three basic objectives: managing the situation, mobilizing support, and following up. Definition and signs of posttraumatic stress disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"is an anxiety disorder that can occur after you have been through a traumatic event†¦ during this type of event, you think that your life or others’ lives are in danger. You may feel afraid or feel that you have no control over what is happening† (NCPTSD, 2008). If these feelings persist over a long time and interfere with a person’s daily life, they are experiencing PTSD. Elementary school-aged children show different signs of PTSD than adults. Instead of experiencing flashbacks or amnesia, children experience â€Å"time skew† (mis-sequencing trauma related events) and â€Å"omen formation† (belief that there were warning signs that predicted the trauma) and may reenact the trauma in play, drawings, or verbalization (Hamblen, 1998). Adolescents resemble the signs of adults, but may also reenact the trauma in some part of their daily life. Resources for school psychologists in crisis management The National Association of School Psychologists (2000) has a list of website resources that guide school psychologists on various school safety and crisis information. Some resources include: school safety/violence prevention, suicide prevention/intervention, trauma, natural disasters, and war/terrorism materials. One approach the NASP recommends for school psychologists in identifying coping strategies is the BASIC Ph Coping Model by Dr. Mooli Lahad. The model â€Å"suggests that people possess six potential characteristics or dimensions that are at the core of an individual’s coping style† (Zenere, 2004). The six coping styles are Belief, Affect, Social, Imagination, Cognitive, and Physiological. There are many organizations and associations listed on the Ed. gov â€Å"Emergency Planning† website. It is important for school psychologists to recognize their important role in the crisis management team. They should use the resources available to them to aid in the school’s process of developing the crisis management plan. School psychologists should also stay up-to-date on current research regarding outcomes of tragedy in children. Together as a team, they have the ability to help children, and hopefully reduce PTSD in children after a trauma. References Center for Mental Health in Schools at UCLA. (2008). Responding to a Crisis at a School. Los Angeles, CA: Author. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://smhp. psych. ucla. edu/ Dickenson, C. (2008, November). Children Displaced by Hurricane Katrina. Communique, 37(3), 32. Fatality Analysis Reporting System Encyclopedia (2008). National Statistics. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www-fars. nhtsa. dot. gov/Main/index. aspx Hamblen, J. (1998). PTSD in Children and Adolescents. National Center for PTSD. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. ncptsd. va. ov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_children. html National Association of School Psychologists (2000). Information for Educators. Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www. nasponline. org/educators/index. aspx National Center for Education Statistics (2008). Indicators of School Crime and Safety:2007. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://nces. ed. gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2007/ NCTSN: National Child Trau matic Stress Network (2006). Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide (2nd Ed). Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www. ncptsd. va. ov/ncmain/ncdocs/manuals/smallerPFA_2ndEditionwithappendices. pdf U. S. Department of Education (2008). Emergency Planning. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. ed. gov/admins/lead/safety/emergencyplan/index. html Virginia General Assembly (1999). The Model School Crisis Management Plan, 2. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://pen6. pen. k12. va. us/VDOE/Instruction/model. html Zenere, F. (2004). How Children with Trauma and Ongoing Threat: The BASIC Ph Model. National Association of School Psychologists. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. nasponline. org/

Learn About the Geography of the Middle Eastern Country of Pakistan

Pakistan,  officially called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is located in the  Middle East  near the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. It is bordered by  Afghanistan,  Iran,  India,  and  China. Pakistan is also very close to Tajikistan, but the two countries are separated by the Wakhan Corridor in Afghanistan. The country has the sixth-largest population in the world and the second-largest  Muslim population  in the world after Indonesia.  The country is divided into  four provinces, one territory, and one capital territory for local administration. Fast Facts: Pakistan Official Name: Islamic Republic of PakistanCapital: IslamabadPopulation: 207,862,518 (2018)Official Languages: Urdu, EnglishCurrency: Pakistani rupee (PKR)Form of Government: Federal parliamentary republicClimate: Mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in northTotal Area: 307,373 square miles (796,095 square kilometers)Highest Point:  K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) at 28,251 feet (8,611 meters)  Lowest Point: Arabian Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) Geography and Climate of Pakistan Pakistan has a varied topography that consists of the flat, Indus plain in the east and the Balochistan plateau in the west. In addition, the Karakoram Range, one of the worlds highest mountain ranges, is in the north and northwest part of the country. The worlds second-highest mountain,  K2, is also within Pakistans borders, as is the famous 38-mile (62 km) Baltoro Glacier. This glacier is considered one of the longest glaciers outside of the Earths polar regions. The climate of Pakistan varies with its topography, but most of it consists of hot, dry desert, while the northwest is temperate. In the mountainous north,  though, the climate is harsh and considered  Arctic. Economics and Land Use in Pakistan Pakistan is considered a developing nation and has a highly underdeveloped economy. This is largely because of its decades of political instability and a lack of foreign investment. Textiles are Pakistans main export, but it also has industries that include food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer,  and shrimp. Agriculture in Pakistan includes cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables, milk, beef, mutton,  and eggs.  Resources include natural gas reserves and limited petroleum. Urban vs. Rural Just over one-third of the population lives in urban areas (36.7 percent), though that number is increasing slightly. Most of the population lives in the areas near the Indus River and its tributaries, with Punjab the most densely populated province.   Earthquakes Pakistan is situated above two tectonic plates, the Eurasian and Indian plates, and their motion makes the country primarily a site of major strike-slip earthquakes. Earthquakes above 5.5 on the Richter scale are relatively common. Their location in relation to population centers determines whether there will be extensive loss of life. For example, a 7.4 magnitude earthquake January 18, 2010, in southwest Pakistan, didnt cause any fatalities, but another in the same province that came in at a 7.7 in September 2013 killed more than 800. Four days later, another 400 people were killed in the province in a 6.8 magnitude quake. The worst in recent memory was in Kashmir in the north in October 2005. It measured 7.6, killed 80,000, and left 4 million homeless. More than 900 aftershocks rolled on afterward for almost three weeks.   Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA: The World Factbook: Pakistan.Dawn. Timeline of major earthquakes in Pakistan: 1971-2018.

Pol 110 Week 10 Assignment 1 - 889 Words

POL 110 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 1 To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/pol-110-week-10-assignment-1/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM POL 110 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 1 POL 110 Week 10 Assignment 1 It May Not Work In Politics Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which the student addresses the following three (3) items using headers to separate each response: 1. Congressional Ethics. Identify one (1) member of Congress who has been charged with ethics violations. Briefly discuss the reason for the charges and provide two (2) reasons why you agree or disagree with the verdict and any penalties. Provide examples to support your answer. Note: Consider how the verdict and penalties impacts†¦show more content†¦Provide examples to support the answer. Note: Consider the political impact of the Republican and Democratic Party if a third party was successful. 3. Federal and State Authority. Identify one (1) current issue facing the United States today. Analyze the respective roles of Federal and state authorities in addressing the issue. Determine whether the U. S. Constitution constrains the Federal and state responses to the issue. Explain. POL 110 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 1 To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/pol-110-week-10-assignment-1/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM POL 110 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 1 POL 110 Week 10 Assignment 1 It May Not Work In Politics Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which the student addresses the following three (3) items using headers to separate each response: 1. Congressional Ethics. Identify one (1) member of Congress who has been charged with ethics violations. Briefly discuss the reason for the charges and provide two (2) reasons why you agree or disagree with the verdict and any penalties. Provide examples to support your answer. Note: Consider how the verdict and penalties impacts your trust of the members of Congress. 2. Third Party Candidates. Discuss two (2) political reasons why a third party candidate has never been successful in winning a presidential election. ProvideShow MoreRelatedConsumer Theory and Horizontal Axis45363 Words   |  182 PagesChapter 2 1. A consumer prefers more to less of every good. Her income rises, and the price of one of the goods falls while other prices stay constant. These changes must have made her better of. TRUE 2. A decrease in income pivots the budget line around the bundle initially consumed. FALSE 3. If all prices are doubled and money income is left the same, the budget set does not change because relative prices don t change. FALSE 4. If all prices double and income triples, then theRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesCHAPTER 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: ââ€"  Identify four major HR challenges currently facing organizations and managers. List and define each of the seven major categories of HR activities. Identify the three different roles of HR management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as anRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagespurposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF DIVISIONS, TITLES, rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 4 5 AND SUBTITLES. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 6 ‘‘Affordable Health Care for America Act’’. VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3962.IH H3962 2 1 2 Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesRobert D. Library and information center management / Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran. — 7th ed. p. cm. — (Library and information science text series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–59158–408–7 (alk. paper) ISBN 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Library administration—United States. 2. Information services— United States—Management. I. Moran, Barbara B. II. Title. Z678.S799 2007 025.1—dc22 2007007922 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available

The Intelligence Of The Cia Triad Network Security

Introduction Over the last few years the amount of security breaches that have been reported have had one factor that has been prevalent in majority of the attacks. That factor is the employee’s and how they are manipulated into giving the intruder/hacker exactly what they needed without realizing it. The use of social engineering in data breaches and fraud has been steadily increasing over the years. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability the three components of the CIA triad in network security can all be compromised by the risk of social engineering. Definition of Social Engineering Social engineering also known as people hacking is the art of utilizing human behavior to breach security without the victim even realizing that they have been manipulated. Social engineering can be further broken down to three methodologies. 1. Phishing - The sending of emails appearing to be from a reputable source with the goal of gaining personal information from the victim(s) 2. Vishing – This is the practice of getting information from the victim or attempting to Influence actions by the use of a telephone. 3. Impersonation – This is the practice of pretending to be another person with the goal of obtaining information or access to a person, company, or computer system. Categories of Social Engineering Social engineering attacks fall under to main categories:Show MoreRelatedEssay about Information and the CIA Triad1319 Words   |  6 PagesCIA Triad? Sounds like a secret organization doesn’t it? It almost feels like people are going to come to a screeching halt in your driveway, jump out and take you away, never to be seen again. Sounds very scary. Good thing for us that is not going to happen. Lets get to the point. Information is defined as raw data, which includes words, numbers, value etc. It includes analytical and Factual information. Security is defined as the prevention of intentional harm. 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Successful Emergency Communication free essay sample

This paper looks at the need for successful emergency communication in New York City. This paper examines the components necessary for successful emergency communication. The writer evaluates the actions of the New York City Emergency Communications Center in light of the September 11th terrorist attacks in that city. The strengths and weaknesses of the system are detailed, relative to potential problems such as natural disasters that could plague the city. Many of the inherent problems this writer feels the city would face are a result of the fact that much of the citys infrastructure, bridges, tunnels, subways and communication centers are located underground. In this writers opinion, an earthquake would totally destroy much of the citys infrastructure which would lead to the city being forced to close down, and that would include the financial centers and the ramifications here are well-documented. The paper also details legislation that has been passed at the state level to deal with this potential threat. We will write a custom essay sample on Successful Emergency Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The writer makes several suggestions as to what would be necessary to avert a major disaster, including designating the Public Information Officer as the person who would be responsible for the coordination of all the agencies, predetermined safe centers should be well-publicized and known in each of the communities, the collecting areas for the victims and survivors of any disaster should be every few blocks, evacuation of bridges and tunnels should be well-planned and coordinated and there should be one umbrella agency that is responsible for the training and coordination of the emergency personnel in the event of a major disaster, such as an earthquake or terrorist attack. In recent times, especially in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington DC, effective and speedy emergency communication has become paramount for response personnel firefighters, police and paramedics. Emergency communications agencies like the North American Center For Emergency Communications (NACEC) were set up to provide quick and speedy services in cases of disaster. A Disaster Victim Information Exchange System (DVIS) was also setup to handle situations where families and loved ones required information about an individual evacuees location, condition, immediate plans and special needs. In the past, trying to locate a person could take days or months, as information procured from the scene was sketchy and unreliable.

Pest of China Mobile free essay sample

On one hand, government actively supports the development of the telecommunication industry. On the other hand, it increases the macro-control efforts through the policy, regulation, planning and other means. In 2006, the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) published the notice about regulating mobile information service charges and fees , which states any types of information service in customization monthly package should be confirmed by users; otherwise, without the user’s feedback, the order is considered as not substantiated, and no subscription fee required. This policy indirectly protects the users’ transparent consumer rights. Also, in order to support the development of new entrant operators and improve the competition in China’s mobile communication industry, government always place unbalanced regulations on China Mobile and China Unicom. For example, government allows China Unicom to reduce their service charge 10-20% lower than China Mobile. Economic factors Since China implemented the â€Å"open door† policy in 1978, the invisible effect of the market economy regulation has increased. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest of China Mobile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the world market analysis (2005), China has kept dynamic economic growth in recent years. And the proportion of the telecommunication industry in national economy presents a rising trend. What’s more, the investment in communications and information technology is increased. For example, now many people directly connect to their friends by using internet or cell phone rather than writing letters. After the economic reform, people’s living standard is increased, thus more and more people can afford to buy phones. At the end of April 2007, China mobile communication user has achieved 416 million. Social factors As the telephone penetration rate in China is still very low compared to developed countries, it can be say that China’s telecommunication industry has a huge space for development. Actually, Chinese market is the most potential market as China has the largest group of customers in the world. In addition, China has experienced rapid growth in per capital GDP since the reform began in 1979. The improved living standard has increased the demand of customers for mobile communication services in both quality and quantity. What’s more, nowadays people gradually understand and accept the concept of â€Å"information society†, more and more people tend to collect information in a more effective way by using the mobile phone and internet for their common advantages on convenience, economy, speed and privacy. For example, more and more people using their mobile phones to upload photos, download music, read news and get access to the world. It has become apparent that mobile phones have become so important that they cannot be dispensed with in people’s daily lives (China Mobile Annual Report 2006). Technologic factors GSM: it stands for â€Å"Global System for Mobile Communications†, China Mobile GSM is a second-generation mobile communication technology. It aims at developing a mobile phone network standard with a strong anti-piracy ability, a large network capacity, and a strong stability and less susceptible to interference, which allows users to use their cell phone across the world. GPRS: â€Å"General Packet Switched Radio Service† refers to the application of packet-switched technology in wireless telecommunications which will only consume network resources during data transmission (China Mobile Website 2007). This technology only charge users when they sending or receiving data resources. When there is no transfer of data, users will not be charged even they hang on the line. In addition, GPRS allows users to send and receive data at a high speed exceeding 115 Kbit/s. 3G: It refers to the third generation mobile communication technology which affords a phone to handle images, music, video and other forms of media such as website, e-commerce and other forms of information service.